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Copper transition metal9/2/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() The term transition element was first coined by the English chemist Charles Bury (1890-1968), who used it to refer to what he called a transition series of elements in which an inner electron shell (for example the 3 n electron shell in the elements of row four in the periodic table) was in the process of transitioning between a stable configuration of eight electrons and one of eighteen electrons, or between a stable configuration of eighteen electrons and one of thirty-two electrons. Another definition simply requires the element to be one of the d-block elements, while a third definition adds the f-block elements. One definition states that a transition metal is an element which has a partially filled d subshell, or that can be ionised to form positive ions (cations) with a partially filled d subshell. The definition of a transition metal can vary quite a bit, depending on who is doing the defining. These two groups form what are often referred to as the f-block elements, and are considered by some scientists to be transition metals in their own right (they are sometimes called the inner transition metals). ![]() To complicate things further, as you can see from the simplified view of the periodic table above, there are two related groups of elements - the lanthanides and the actinides - that are usually shown separately from the rest of the periodic table. The transition metals occupy groups three through twelve in the periodic table ![]()
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